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Oracle数据库中获取固定记录数的实用方法

dn001
在实际的工作和学习中,为了分页或查询性能的需要,往往需要从数据库查询固定行数的记录,不同的数据库有不同的SQL语句来完成,在Oracle数据库中,我们可以用下面的方法来实现,假设要从一个有百万条记录的表中每次取10万条进行处理,可以按下面步骤进行:

1、创建表

Drop TABLE VEHICLE;

Create TABLE VEHICLE (

MAKE VARCHAR2(256) NOT NULL,

MODEL VARCHAR2(256),

REGISTRATION_NO NUMBER(15) NOT NULL primary key,

AGE NUMBER(2,1) NOT NULL,

CATEGORY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,

MILAGE NUMBER(15,2) NOT NULL,

LAST_SERVICE_DATE DATE NOT NULL

);

2、插入数据

可以用入下存储过程进行批量数据的插入,

create or replace PROCEDURE INSERT_APPOINTED_RECORDS

( startNum IN NUMBER, endNum IN NUMBER) AS

i number:=startNum;

j number:=endNum;

BEGIN

dbms_output.put_line(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') );

While i<=j Loop

INSERT INTO

VEHICLE (REGISTRATION_NO,MAKE,MODEL,AGE,CATEGORY,MILAGE,LAST_SERVICE_DATE)

VALUES

(i,'test','test',3,'A',1000,SYSDATE);

i:=i+1;

End Loop;

dbms_output.put_line(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') );

END INSERT_APPOINTED_RECORDS;

3、查询固定行数的记录

在Oracle数据库中需要结合ROWNUM来完成,可以用如下方法来实现,如要取按ROWID排序的5000到10000之间的记录

SELECT * FROM vehicle WHERE ROWNUM<10001 minus SELECT * FROM vehicle WHERE ROWNUM<5001;

如果需要按照某字段排序来查询,如,按制造商Make来排序,就需要用到子查询,性能就会有明显的影响

SELECT * from (SELECT * FROM vehicle order by make) WHERE ROWNUM<10001 minus SELECT * from (SELECT * FROM vehicle order by make) WHERE ROWNUM<5001;

由于你对ROWNUM不能用像 Where rownum >10 and rownum <100这样的语法,所以有点别扭,但是你可以通过以下方式来用:

select * from (select rownum r,REGISTRATION_NO,MAKE,MODEL,AGE,CATEGORY,MILAGE,LAST_SERVICE_DATE from vehicle) where r >=5000 and r<=10000;

或者

select * from (select rownum r,REGISTRATION_NO,MAKE,MODEL,AGE,CATEGORY,MILAGE,LAST_SERVICE_DATE from vehicle) where r between 5000 and 10000;

这样就比较合符习惯了,不能用如下语句:

select * from (select * from vehicle order by make) where rownum between 5000 and 10000;

或者

select * from (select * from vehicle order by make) where rownum >= 5000 and rownum<=10000;