Oracle 10g使用RMAN创建physical standby

dn001 2009-06-02 00:28:29

1.试验环境

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

2.确认主库处于归档模式

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u02/arch

Oldest online log sequence 154

Next log sequence to archive 156

Current log sequence 156

3.创建备库instance

windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，

unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可

4.准备好主备库的参数文件

主库：

orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384

orcl.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','

/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','

/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orcl'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=285212672

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'

#################################

db_unique_name=node1

service_names=orcl

log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'

log_archive_dest_2='service=dbstandby

valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node2'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

fal_server=dbstandby

standby_file_management=AUTO

备库：

orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384

orcl.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','

/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','

/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orcl'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=285212672

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'

#################################

db_unique_name=node2

service_names=orcl

log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'

log_archive_dest_2='service=dbprimary

valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node1'

log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

fal_server=dbprimary

fal_client=dbstandby

standby_file_management=AUTO

5.生成password file

c:/>orapwd file=d:/oracle/ora92/DATABASE/PWDtest.ORA password=pass

或者直接将主库上的密码文件copy一份到备库上

6.配置网络

配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完listener.ora后需要重启监听器。

主库：

listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = s1.gti.com)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

tnsnames.ora

dbprimary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

dbstandby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

备库：

listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

tnsnames.ora

dbprimary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

dbstandby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

7.使用rman备份主库

[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:52:37 2008

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)

RMAN> backup full format='/u02/db_%U'

database include current controlfile for standby;

...................

8.归档主库当前日志

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

9.启动备库到nomount

sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes

Fixed Size 1218992 bytes

Variable Size 96470608 bytes

Database Buffers 184549376 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

10.利用rman恢复备库

[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:53:21 2008

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/a@dbstandby

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028, not mount)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;

.............................

如果第8步没有归档当前日志，duplicate时可能出现错误：

RMAN-05507: standby controlfile checkpoint (710256) is more recent than duplicat

ion point in time (709530)

至此，备库创建成功。

11.将备库置于自动恢复状态

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Media recovery complete.

12.switchover

物理STANDBY的SWITCHOVER切换会把当前的一个物理STANDBY切换为PRIMARY数据库，而PRIMARY数据库且变成物理STNADBY数据库。

一般SWITCHOVER切换都是计划中的切换，特点是在切换后，不会丢失任何的数据，而且这个过程是可逆的，整个DATA GUARD环境不会被破坏，原来DATA GUARD环境中的所有物理和逻辑STANDBY都可以继续工作。

在进行DATA GUARD的物理STANDBY切换前需要注意：

确认主库和从库间网络连接通畅；

确认没有活动的会话连接在数据库中；

PRIMARY数据库处于打开的状态，STANDBY数据库处于MOUNT状态；

确保STANDBY数据库处于ARCHIVELOG模式；

如果设置了REDO应用的延迟，那么将这个设置去掉；

确保配置了主库和从库的初始化参数，使得切换完成后，DATA GUARD机制可以顺利的运行。

主库：

[oracle@s1 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:55:02 2008

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes

Fixed Size 1218992 bytes

Variable Size 96470608 bytes

Database Buffers 184549376 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

SQL> alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

备库：

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes

Fixed Size 1218992 bytes

Variable Size 96470608 bytes

Database Buffers 184549376 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

至此完成自由切换。