ORACLE函数大全
SQL中的单记录函数
1.ASCII
返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
;;;;;A A;;;ZERO;;SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65;;;;;97;;;;;48;;;;;32
2.CHR
给出整数,返回对应的字符;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
ZH C
-- -
赵 A
3.CONCAT
连接两个字符串;
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')'转23'高乾竞电话 from dual;
高乾竞电话
----------------
010-88888888转23
4.INITCAP
返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;
UPP
-----
Smith
5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
C1;被搜索的字符串
C2;希望搜索的字符串
I;;搜索的开始位置,默认为1
J;;出现的位置,默认为1
SQL> select instr('Oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;
INSTRING
---------
9
6.LENGTH
返回字符串的长度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
NAMELENGTH(NAME) ADDR;;LENGTH(ADDR);;;;SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾竞;3 北京市海锭区;;;;;69999.99;7
7.LOWER
返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;
AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd
8.UPPER
返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;
UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD
9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
RPAD; 在列的右边粘贴字符
LPAD; 在列的左边粘贴字符
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;
LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填满
10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM; 删除左边出现的字符串
RTRIM; 删除右边出现的字符串
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('gao qian jing',' '),' ') from dual;
LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing
11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR('
--------
08888888
12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string希望被替换的字符或变量
s1;;;;被替换的字符串
s2;;;;要替换的字符串
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H
----------
i love you
13.SOUNDEX
返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');
XM
--------
weather
wether
14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
LEADING剪掉前面的字符
TRAILING; 剪掉后面的字符
假如不指定,默认为空格符
15.ABS
返回指定值的绝对值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100;;;;100
16.ACOS
给出反余弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927
17.ASIN
给出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878
18.ATAN
返回一个数字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816
19.CEIL
返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4
20.COS
返回一个给定数字的余弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1
21.COSH
返回一个数字反余弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
COSH(20)
---------
242582598
22.EXP
返回一个数字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
EXP(2);EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818
23.FLOOR
对给定的数字取整数
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345
24.LN
返回一个数字的对数值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
LN(1);;LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718;;.99999999
25.LOG(n1,n2)
返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
LOG(2,1); LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
0 2
26.MOD(n1,n2)
返回一个n1除以n2的余数
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3); MOD(3,3); MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1 0 2
27.POWER
返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024 27
28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度进行舍入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56; -55; 55; -55
29.SIGN
取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1 -1 0
30.SIN
返回一个数字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079)
------------
1
31.SIGH
返回双曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
SIN(20); SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598
32.SQRT
返回数字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
SQRT(64); SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777
33.TAN
返回数字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
TAN(20)TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083
34.TANH
返回数字n的双曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
TANH(20)TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609
35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度截取一个数
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100;;124.16
36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或减去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA
------
199910
37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最后一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
给出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;
MON_BETW
---------
-60
39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
2; (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;
BJ_TIME;;LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01
41.SYSDATE
用来得到系统的当前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,假如fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
2; to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;
HH; HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
42.CHARTOROWID
将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
ROWID;;;ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
conver
------
strutz
44.HEXTORAW
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
45.RAWTOHEXT
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
46.ROWIDTOCHAR
将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41
48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
SQL>select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;
TO
--
高
50.TO_NUMBER
将给出的字符转换为数字
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
YEAR
---------
1999
51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
指定一个外部二进制文件
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
2; 0,'none',
3; 2,'insert',
4; 3,
5; 'select',
6; 6,'update',
7; 7,'delete',
8; 8,'drop',
9; 'other') cmd; from v$session where type!='background';
SIDSERIAL# USERNAME;;;;CMD
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
1 1;;;;;none
2 1;;;;;none
3 1;;;;;none
4 1;;;;;none
5 1;;;;;none
6 1;;;;;none
7;;;1275;;;;;none
8;;;1275;;;;;none
9;;;;;20 GAO;select
10;;;;;40 GAO;none
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME;DUMP_STRING
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLDTyp=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
55.GREATEST
返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;
GR
--
AC
SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;
GR
--
天
56.LEAST
返回一组表达式中的最小值
SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;
LE
--
啊
57.UID
返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
SQL> show user
USER 为"GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
USERNAME USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------
GAO25
58.USER
返回当前用户的名字
SQL> select user from; dual;
USER
------------------------------
GAO
59.USEREVN
返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA; 查看当前用户是否是DBA假如是则返回true
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN
------
FALSE
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
返回会话标志
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;
USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
152
ENTRYID
返回会话人口标志
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;
USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
0
INSTANCE
返回当前INSTANCE的标志
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;
USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
1
LANGUAGE
返回当前环境变量
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回当前环境的语言的缩写
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;
USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用户的终端或机器的标志
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;
USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字节)数
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
6 SYSTEM
60.AVG(DISTINCTALL)
all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
语句已处理。
SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
SQLWKS> commit;
SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
3333.33
SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(ALLSAL)
-----------
2592.59
61.MAX(DISTINCTALL)
求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
5000
62.MIN(DISTINCTALL)
求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL)
-----------
1111.11
63.STDDEV(distinctall)
求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL)
-----------
1182.5032
SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
-------------------
1229.951
64.VARIANCE(DISTINCTALL)
求协方差
SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
1398313.9
65.GROUP BY
主要用来对一组数进行统计
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
10 3;;;8750
20 5;;10875
30 6;;;9400
66.HAVING
对分组统计再加限制条件
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20 5;;10875
30 6;;;9400
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
DEPTNO; COUNT(*); SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20;;;;;;
5;;10875
30 6;;;9400
67.ORDER BY
用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
DEPTNO ENAME;SAL
--------- ---------- ---------
10 KING;5000
10 CLARK2450
10 MILLER; 1300
20 SCOTT3000
20 FORD;3000
20 JONES2975
20 ADAMS1100
20 SMITH;800
30 BLAKE2850
30 ALLEN1600
30 TURNER; 1500
30 WARD;1250
30 MARTIN; 1250
30 JAMES;950
Oracle 最常用功能函数经典汇总来源：ChinaITLab 收集整理2004-6-14 10:58:00 * SQL Group Function
*
s (num can be a column or ex
pression)
(null values are ign
*
ored, default between distin
ct and all is all)
********************
***************
****************************
****************
AVG([distinct or all] num)
-- average value
COUNT(distinct or all] num)
-- number of values
MAX([distinct or all
] num) -- maximum value
MAX([distinct or all] num)
-- minimum value
STDDEV([distinct or
all] num) -- standard devi
ation
SUM([distinct or all
] num) -- sum of values
VARIANCE([distinct o
r all] num) -- variance of v
alues
;;;; ********************************
***********************
************************
* Miscellaneaous Functions :
*
********************
***************
****************************
****************
DECODE(expr, srch1,
return1 [,srch2, return2...]
, default]
-- if no search matches t
he expression then the default is returned,
-- otherwise,
the first search that match
es will cause
-- the corres
ponding return value to be r
eturned
DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p
os [, length]]])
-- returns an
column
internal oracle format, used
for getting info about a
-- format options : 8 = oc
tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters
-- return type
codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n
umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,
-- 23 = raw,
24 = long raw, 69 = rowid,
96 = char, 106 = mlslabel
GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]] ;;;;;; -- returns the largest val
ue of all expressions
LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]] ;;;; -- returns the
smallest value of all expre
ssions
NVL(expr1 ,expr2 ;;;; -- if expr1 is not null, i
t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned
SQLCODE ;;;;;; -- returns sql error code
query,
of last error. Can not be used directly in
-- value must
be set to local variable fir
st
SQLERRM ;;;;;;
-- returns sql
in query,
error message of last error
. Can not be used directly
-- value must be set to lo
cal variable first
UID ;;;;;; -- returns the user id of
the user you are logged on as
-- useful in s
electing information from lo
w level sys tables
USER ;;;; -- returns the
user name of the user you a
re logged on as
USERENV('option') ;; -- returns inf
ormation about the user you
are logged on as
-- options : E
NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL,
LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA
-- (
all options not available in
all Oracle versions)
VSIZE(expr) ;;;;;; -- returns the number of b
ytes used by the expression
-- useful in s
electing information about t
able space requirements
;;;; ********************
***************
****************************
****************
* SQL Date Functions (dt represe
*
nts oracle date and time)
* (functions return
*
an oracle date unless otherw
ise specified)
********************************
***********************
************************
ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)
-- adds num months to
dt (num can be negative)
LAST_DAY(dt)
-- last day of month in
month containing dt
MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu
dt2
rns fractional value of months between dt1,
NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz
zone 2
2) -- dt = date in time zo
ne 1, returns date in time
NEXT_DAY(dt, str) -- date
etc..)
of first (str) after dt (str = '
Monday',
SYSDATE -- present system date ROUND(dt [,fmt] -- roun
ds dt as specified by format fmt
TRUNC(dt [,fmt]
-- truncates dt as spe
cified by format fmt
;;;; ********************************
***********************
************************
* Number Functions :
*
********************************
***********************
************************
ABS(num) -- absolute
value of num
CEIL(num) -- smallest integer > or = num
COS(num) -- cosine(n
um), num in radians
COSH(num)
-- hyperbolic cosine(num)
EXP(num)
-- e raised to the num powe
r
FLOOR(num) -- largest
integer < or = num
LN(num) -- natural
logarithm of num
LOG(num2, num1) -- logarith
m base num2 of num1
MOD(num2, num1) -- remainde
r of num2 / num1
POWER(num2, num1)
-- num2 raised to the num1
power
ROUND(num1 [,num2] -- num1 rou
nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)
SIGN(num) -- sign of
num * 1, 0 if num = 0
SIN(num)
-- sin(num), num in radians
SINH(num) -- hyperbolic sine(num) SQRT(num) -- square root of num ;;;; TAN(num) -- tangent(
num), num in radians
TANH(num)
-- hyperbolic tangent(num)
TRUNC(num1 [,num2] -- truncate
num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)
;;;; ********************************
***********************
************************
* String Functions,
*
String Result :
********************************
***********************
************************
(num) -- ASCII
character for num
CHR(num)
-- ASCII character for n
um
CONCAT(str1, str2) -- str1
concatenated with str2 (same as str1str2)
INITCAP(str)
-- capitalize first lett
er of each Word in str
LOWER(str) -- str w
ith all letters in lowercase
LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left
spaces)
pad str1 to length num with str2 (default
LTRIM(str [,set])
-- remove set from left
side of str (default spaces)
NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl
s_val]) -- same as initcap f
or different languages
NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_
val]) -- same as lower for
different languages
REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r
eplaces str2 with str3 in str1
--
deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted
RPAD(str1, num [,str
(default spaces)
2]) -- right pad str1 to
length num with str2
RTRIM(str [,set])
spaces)
-- remove set from
right side of str (default
SOUNDEX(str)
-- phonetic represen
tation of str
SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n
um1]) -- substring of str,
starting with num2,
--
omitted)
num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is
SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,
bytes
num1]) -- same as substr bu
t num1, num2 expressed in
TRANSLATE(str, set1,
set2) -- replaces set1 in
str with set2
--
truncated
if set2 is longer than set1, it will be
UPPER(str)
-- str with all lett
ers in uppercase
;
;;; ********************
***************
****************************
****************
* String Functions,
*
Numeric Result :
********************************
***********************
************************
;;;; ASCII(str)
-- ASCII value of str
INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]
) -- position of num2th occurrence of
-- str2 in str1, starting at num1
-- (num1, num2 default to 1)
INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]
) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2
LENGTH(str)
-- number of
characters in str
LENGTHB(str)
-- number of bytes in str
NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])
-- nls_val byte value of str
;;;; ********************************
***********************
************************
* SQL Conversion Functions
*
********************************
***********************
************************
CHARTOROWID(str)
-- converts str to ROWID
CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1
]) -- converts str to chr_set2
character set
-- chr_set1
default is the datbase
HEXTORAW(str)
-- converts hex string va
lue to internal raw values
RAWTOHEX(raw_val) -- convert
s raw hex value to hex string value
ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)
-- converts rowid to 18 ch
aracter string format
TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])
fmt
-- converts expr(date or n
umber) to format specified by
TO_DATE(str [,fmt])
-- converts string to dat
e
TO_MULTI_BYTE(str) -- convert
s single byte string to multi byte string
TO_NUMBER(str [,fmt]) -- convert
s str to a number formatted by fmt
TO_SINGLE_BYTE(str)
-- converts multi byte st
ring to single byte string
;
;;; ********************************
***********************
************************
* SQL Date Formats
*
********************
***************
****************************
****************
;;;; BC, B.C. BC indicator ;;;; AD, A.D. AD indicator ;;;; CC, SCC Cent
ury Code (SCC includes space
or - sign)
YYYY, SYYYY 4 digit year (SY
YYY includes space or - sign)
IYYY 4 digit ISO year Y,YYY 4 digit year with comma YYY, YY, or Y last 3, 2, or 1
digit of year
YEAR, SYEAR year spelled out
(SYEAR includes space or - sign)
RR last 2 digits of
year in prior or next century
Q quarter or year, 1 to 4 ;;;; MM month - from 01 to 12 MONTH month spelled out ;;;; MON month 3 letter abbreviation ;; RM roman numeral for month ;;;; WW week of year, 1 to 53 IW ISO week of year
, 1 to 52 or 1 to 53
W week of month, 1
to 5 (week 1 begins 1st day of the month)
D day of week, 1 to 7 ;
;;; DD day of month, 1 to 31 DDD day of year, 1 to 366 ;;;;;; DAY day of week spel
led out, nine characters right padded
DY day abbreviation ;; J # of
days since Jan 1, 4712 BC
HH, HH12 hour of day, 1 to 12 ;;;; HH24 hour of day, 0 to 23 MI minute of hour, 0 to 59 ;;;; SS second of minute, 0 to 59 SSSSS seco
nds past midnight, 0 to 8639
9
AM, A.M. am indicator ;;;; PM, P.M. pm indicator ;;;; any pUCtuation punc
tuation between format items
, as in 'DD/MM/YY'
any text text between format items ;; TH conv
erts 1 to '1st', 2 to '2nd',
and so on
SP converts 1 to 'o
ne', 2 to 'two', and so on
SPTH converts 1 to 'F
IRST', 2 to 'SECOND', and so on
FX fill
exact : uses exact pattern
matching
FM fill mode : tog
gles suppression of blanks in output
