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Struts初体验之实施篇

dn001
内容: 开发环境 window2000+jbuilder7+tomcat4.1.12

首先，从http://jakarta.apache.org下载jakarta-struts-1.0.2.zip，解开后有两个主要目录lib和webapps，在lib目录中是使用struts创建应用程序所必需的文件,在webapps目录下有几个后缀是war的文件，熟悉java web开发的人都比较清楚，将他们copy到tomcat/ webapps/目录下，然后再重新启动tomcat，tomcat会将这些web工程部署好的，其中Struts-documentation.war是文档，Struts-example.war是一个不错的例子，我主要就是参考这个例子来做的。然后在jbuilder安装目录/lib/下建立 struts目录，将上面的lib目录下的东西copy进去，然后启动jbuilder7,运行菜单tools->configure->libraries->new->name 输入struts,然后选择刚才copy过去的struts.jar文件,然后OK。

其次，新建立一个工程，引用struts，服务器选择tomcat4，然后建立一个Jsp1.jsp文件，然后把lib/目录下的所有.tld文件copy到你建立的工程目录下的/defaultroot/WEB-INF/目录下面，在/defaultroot/WEB-INF/建立action.xml,内容如下：



 

 
  actionClass="example.LogonAction"

 formAttribute="logonForm"

  formClass="example.LogonForm"

  inputForm="/logon.jsp">

 

 



struts-config.xml文件，如下：

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

 struts-config PUBLIC

   "//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.0//EN"

   "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_0.dtd">



<form-beans>

 <form-bean name="logonForm"type="example.LogonForm"/>

 </form-beans>



 





 
    type="example.LogonAction"

    name="logonForm"

    scope="request"

    input="/logon.jsp">

  

 


type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddFormBeanAction"/>

 
 type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddForwardAction"/>

 
type="org.apache.struts.actions.AddMappingAction"/>

 
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ReloadAction"/>

 
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveFormBeanAction"/>

 
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveForwardAction"/>

 
type="org.apache.struts.actions.RemoveMappingAction"/>


然后建立logon.jsp，内容如下：

<%@ page language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>

<head>
<bean:message key="logon.title"/>

</head>
<body bgcolor="white">


<table border="0" width="100%">
 <tr>
 <th align="right">
  
 </th>
 <td align="left">
  
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <th align="right">
  
 </th>
 <td align="left">
  
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td align="right">
  
 </td>
 <td align="left">
  
 </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</body>

然后建立一个class LogonForm.java，继承自ActionForm，打包在example内容如下

package example;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class LogonForm extends ActionForm {

 private String password = null;
 private String username = null;

 public String getPassword() {
 return password;
 }
 public String getUsername() {
 return username;
 }
 public void setPassword(String password) {
 this.password = password;
 }
 public void setUsername(String username) {
 this.username = username;
 }

 public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {

  this.password = null;
  this.username = null;

 }

 public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
        HttpServletRequest request) {

  ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
  if ((username == null) || (username.length() < 1))
   errors.add("username", new ActionError("error.username.required"));
  if ((password == null) || (password.length() < 1))
   errors.add("password", new ActionError("error.password.required"));

  return errors;

 }
}

然后建立一个class LogonAction.java，继承自Action，打包在example内容如下

package example;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;

public class LogonAction extends Action {

 public ActionForward perform(ActionMapping mapping,
        ActionForm form,
        HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response)
 throws IOException, ServletException {

  Locale locale = getLocale(request);
 //MessageResources messages = getResources();
  ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
  String username = ((LogonForm) form).getUsername();
 String password = ((LogonForm) form).getPassword();

  // Report any errors we have discovered back to the original form
  if (!errors.empty()) {
   saveErrors(request, errors);
   return (new ActionForward(mapping.getInput()));
  }

  // Save our logged-in user in the session
  HttpSession session = request.getSession();
  session.setAttribute("user", "ok");
  if (servlet.getDebug() >= 1)
   servlet.log("LogonAction: User :" +
      "' logged on in session " + session.getId());

  // Remove the obsolete form bean
  if (mapping.getAttribute() != null) {
   if ("request".equals(mapping.getScope()))
    request.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute());
   else
    session.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute());
  }

  // Forward control to the specified success URI
 return (mapping.findForward("success"));


 }
}

然后修改/defaultroot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件为

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 web-app PUBLIC "//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

 
 action
 org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
 
  debug
  2
 
 
  config
  /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml
 
 
  application
  example.ApplicationResources
 
 
  detail
  2
 
 
  validate
  true
 
 2
 
 
 debugjsp
 org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet
 
  jspCompilerPlugin
  com.borland.jbuilder.webserverglue.tomcat.jsp.JasperSunJavaCompiler
 
 3
 
 
 action
 *.do
 
 
 debugjsp
 *.jsp
 
 
 logon.jsp
 
 
 /WEB-INF/app.tld
 /WEB-INF/app.tld
 
 
 /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld
 /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld
 
 
 /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld
 /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld
 
 
 /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld
 /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld
最后还有一个重要的问题，就是一开始我们说过Struts-example.war，安装后把struts-exampleWEB-INFsrcorgapachestrutswebappApplicationResources.properties放到/defaultroot/WEB-INF/classes/example/目录下,然后就可以运行了,当你运行jbuilder后，在IE上键入http://localhost:8080/就会看到效果了，具体的解释请参见下一 解释篇

刚开始研究struts，所以把自己的经过给大家分享,欢迎大家批评指正

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