电脑技术学习

IGRP协议的基本配置

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    本节是对IGRP协议的基本配置的相关操作及讲解。
  
    1.实验目的
  
    通过本实验,读者可以把握以下技能:
    在路由器上启动IGRP协议;
    声明相应网络进入IGRP路由进程;
    查看路由表,
    查看IGRP协议配置信息;
    监测IGRP协议相关信息。
  
    2. 设备需求
  
    本实验需要以下设备:
    Cisco路由器3台,分别命名为R1、R2和R3,均要求具有1个以太网接口和2个串行接口。
  3条DCE电缆和3条DTE电缆,或3条DCE转DTE电缆;
    1台终端服务器,如Cisco2509路由器,及用于反向Telnet的相应电缆;
    1台带有超级终端程序的PC机,以及Console电缆及转接器。
  
    3. 拓扑结构及配置说明
  
    本实验的拓扑结构如图5-4所示。
    IP地址分配如下:
    R1:E0 172.16.1.1, S0 172.16.12.1,S1 172.16.13.1;
    R2:E0 172.16.2.2. 50 172.16.12.2, 51 172.16.23.2;
    R3:E0 172.16.3.3, 50 172.16.13.3, 51 172.16.23.30
    子网掩码均为 255.255.255.00
  

    本实验要求通过对IGRP路由选择协议的配置。
    
    4.实验配置及监测结果
  
    实现全网的连通性。
    各设备启动后,首先完成每台路由器各接口的设置。在完成接口设置的基础上,配置IGRP路由协议。熟悉了RIP协议的配置之后,IGRP协议的配置变得比较轻易,从基本配置来说,它们很相似。
    配置清单5-4记录了EGRP协议的配置及监测信息。
  
    配置清单5-4 IGRP协议的基本配置
  
    第1段:R1配置清单
    R1#sh runn
    Building configuration...
  
    Current configuration : 732 bytes
    !
    version 12.1
    service timestamps debug uptime
    service timestamps log uptime
    no service passWord-encryption
    !
    hostname R1
    !
    ip subnet-zero
    !
    interface Ethernet0
     ip address 172.16.1.1255.255.255.0
     no keepalive
    !
    interface Serial0
     ip address 172.16.12.1255.255.255.0
     clockrate 500000
     bandwidth 500
    !
    interface Serial1
     ip address 172.16.13.1255.255.255.0
     clockrate 500000
     bandwidth 500
    !
    router igrp 100
     network 172.16.0.0
    !
    ip classless
    ip http server
    !
    !
    line con 0
     exec-timeout 0 0
     logging synchronous
    line aux 0
    line vty 0 4
     password cisco
     login
    !
    end
    第2段:R2配置清单
    R2#sh run
    Building configuration...
    Current configuration : 558 bytes
    !
    version 12.1
    service timestamps debug uptime
    service timestamps log uptime
    no service password-encryption
    !
    hostname R2
    !
    ip subnet-zero
    no ip finger
    !
    interface Ethernet0
     ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
     no keepalive
    !
    interface Serial0
     ip address 172.16.12.2 255.255.255.0
     bandwidth 500
    !
    interface Serial1
     ip address 172.16.23.2 255.255.255.0
     clockrate 64000
     bandwidth 64
    !
    router igrp 100
     network 172.16.0.0
    !
    ip classless
    ip http server
    !
    line con 0
     logging synchronous
     transport input none
    line aux 0
    line vty 0 4
    !
    end
    第3段:R3配置清单
    R3#sh run
    Building configuration...
    Current configuration : 623 bytes
    !
    version 12.1
    service timestamps debug uptime
    service timestamps log uptime
    no service password-encryption
    !
    hostname R3
    !
    no logging console
    ip subnet-zero
    no ip finger
    !
    interface Ethernet0
     ip address 172.16.33 255.255.255.0
     no keepalive
    !
    interface Serial0
     ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.0
     bandwidth 500
    interface Serial 1
     ip address 172.16.23.3 255.255.255.0
     bandwidth 64
    !
    router igrp 100
     network 172.16.0.0
    !
    ip classless
    ip http server
    !
    line con 0
     logging synchronous
     transport input none
    line aux 0
    line vty 0 4
    !
    end
    第4段:show和debug
    R1#sh ip route igrp
   172.16,0,0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
    I   172.16.23.0 [100/160250] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:59, Serial0
              [100/160250] via 172.16.13.3, 00:00:30, Serial1
    I   172.16.2.0 [100/22100] via 172.16.12.2, 00:00:59, Serial0
    I   172.16.3.0 [100/22100] via 172.16.13.3, 00:00:30, Serial1
    R1#
    Term_Server>2
    [Resuming connection 1 to R2 ... ]
    R2#sh ip route igrp
   172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
    I   172.16.13.0 [100/24000] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:21, Serial0
    I   172.16.1.0 [100/22100] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:21, Serial0
    I   172.16.3.0 [100/24100] via 172.16.12.1, 00:00:21, Senal0
    R2#
    Term_Server>3
    [Resuming connection 1 to R3 ... ]
    R3#sh ip route igrp
   172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets
    I   172.16.12.0 [100/24000] via 172.16.13.1, 00:00:47, Serial0
    I   172.16.1.0 [100/22100] via 172.16.13.1, 00:00:47, Serial0
    I   172.16.2.0 [100/24100] via 172.16.13.1, 00:00:47, Serial0
    R3#sh ip prof
    Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
     Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 25 seconds
     Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
     Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
     Incoming update filter list for ail interfaces is
     Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
     Default networks accepted from incoming updates
     IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
     IGRP maximum hopcount 100
     IGRP maximum metric variance 1
     Redistributing: igrp 100
     Routing for Networks:
      172.16.0.0
     Routing Information Sources:
     Gateway    Distance    Last Update
     172.16.23.2    100     00:00:28
     172.16.13.1    100     00:00:09
     Distance: (default is 100)
     
    R3#ping 172.16.12.1
  
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
    !!!!!
    SUCcess rate is 1 (X) percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max == 8/12/28 ms
    R3#trace 172.16.12.1
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Tracing the route to 172.16.12.1
    1 172.16.13.1 4 msec 4 msec *
    (1)与RIP协议配置不同的是,在IGRP协议的配置申,我们没有一步步地给出配置过程,而是给出了操作完成后的配置清单。通过各路由器的配置清单可以清楚地了解到它们的配置。
    (2)bandwidth500命令设置对应接口的速率为500kbit/s,bandwidth64则设置对应接口速率为64kbit/s。在RIP协议的配置中,这个命令对于路由选择没有实际意义,因为RIP是以跳数为惟一度量值的;而对IGRP协议,这个命令很重要,只有加入这个命令,所计算出的路由表才能真实反映不同路径的带宽情况。带宽是IGRP协议的度量值之一。
    (3)使用router igrp命令创建IGRP路由进程,后面的"100"是自治系统号。3个路由器必须具有相同的自治系统号,否则彼此的路由信息将不被互相传递和学司。
    (4)声明网段的方法与RIP相同,即使用network命令,后面写入网络地址。
    (5)在第4段中,使用show ip route igrp命令单独显示了各路由器上由IGRP学习到的路由表项。
    在[100/24100]、[100/160250]的100是IGRP协议的治理距离,24100和160250是对应表项的度量值 (Metric),度量值越小表明对应的路径越好。
    (6)show ip protocol命令显示了IGRP协议的配置信息和统计信息。其中有各种计日寸器信息、所路由的网络、路由信息源、缺省治理距离等信息。IGI让的默认治理距离是100。
    (7)在实验的最后,使用ping和trace命令测试了网络的连通性,表明IGRP协议工作正常,实现了全网在IP层的连通性。