电脑技术学习

配置和查看 OSPF协议(2)

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    (1)首先在R3路由器上使用show ip route命令查看其IP路由表,可以看到有2条行首标注为"O"的路由项,它们就是由OSPF协议学习到的路由。这2条路由的目的网段分别为172.16.1.0/24和192.168.1.0/30,它们的下一跳点均为192.168.1.5(R2 S0接口)。
    在第1个路由表项中有"[110/138]"字段,其中110是OSPF的缺省治理距离,138则是本条路由的Cost。Cost即费用,是OSPF中的度量值标准,路由器用Cost来比较到达同一目的网段的不同路径的耗费。低的Cost表示是好的路径,相反则是差的路径。
    (2)接下来切换到R2路由器的控制台界面上,show ip route命令显示有2条OSPF路由,它们分别是通过192.168.1.1(R1 S1接口)到达172.16.1.0/24网段和通过192.168.1.6(R3 S0接口)到达172.16.3.0/24网段的路由项。
    (3)在R2路由器上分别间172.16.1.1和172.16.3.1发出了ping测试,结果是成功的。
    (4)在R1路由器上查看路由表,同样得到2条OSPF路由,分别指向目的网段172.16.3.0/24和192.168.1.4/30,其网关地址均为192.168.1.2(R2 S1接口)。
    (5)为测试172.16.1.0/24网段到172.16.1.0/24网段的端到端连通性,我们使用了扩展的ping命令。测试结果是成功的,表明从R1的E0接口到R3的E0接口之间是在IP层是正常连通的。
    (6)接下来的trace命令测试了从R1到R3的E0接口所经过的各个网关,它们依次是192.168.1.2和192.168.1.6。
  
    第3部分:查看OSPF协议相关信息
  
    下面使用有关命令查看OSPF协议的配置、邻居、接口和路由等信息。
    监测清单11-2记录了所使用的命令和相应的结果。
  
    监测清单11-2查看OSPF相关信息
    R2#sh ip protocol
    Routing Protocol is "ospf 100"
    Invalid after 0 seconds, hold down 0, flushed after 0
    Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
    Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
    Routing for Networks:
     192.168.1.2/32
     192,168.1.5/32
    Routing Infottuation Sources:
     Gateway   Distance   Last Update
     192.168.1.1  110     00:09:26
     192.168.1.6  110     00:09:26
    Distance: (default is 110)
  
    R2#sh ip ospf neighbor
    Neighbor ID  Pri  State    Dead Time  Address    Interface
    192.168.1.6  1   FULL/ -   00:00:34  192.168.1.6   Serial0
    192.168.1.1  1   FULL/ -   00:00:36  192.168.1.1   Serial1
  
    R2#sh ip ospf neighbor detail
    Neighbor
     In the area 0 via interface Serial0
     Neighbor priority is 1,State is FULL,6 state changes
     DR is 0.0.0.0 BDR is 0.0.0.0
     Options is 0x42
     Dead timer-due in 00:00:38
     Neighbor is up for 00:10:40
     Index 2/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1
     First 0x0(0/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
     Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1
     Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  
    Neighbor 192.168.1.1,interface address 192.168.1.1
     In the area 0 via interface Serial 1
     Neighbor priority is 1,State is FULL, 6 state changes
     DR is 0.0.0.0 BDR is 0.0.0.0
     Options is 0x42
     Dead timer due in 00:00:39
     Neighbor is up- for 00:10:50
     Index 1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1
     First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
     Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1
     Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  
    R2#sh ip ospf interface s0
    Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
     Internet Address 192.168.1.5/30, Arca0
     Proems ID 100, Router ID 192.168.1.5,Network Type POINT_TO_POINT,Cost:64
     Transmit Delay is 1 sec. State POINT_TO_POINT,
     Timer ititervals configured Hello 10,1>ead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
      Hello due in 00:00:00
    Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
    Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
    Neighbor Count is-: 1,Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.1.6
    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  
    R2#sh ip ospf database
     OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.5) (Process ID 100)
       Router Link States(Area 0)
    Link ID     ADV Router   Age   Seq#     Checksum Link count
    192.168.1.1   192.168.1.1  832   0x80000005    0xF6B8   3
    192.168.1.5   192.168,1.5  820   0x80000006    0xF6B8   4
    192.168.1.6   192.168.1.6  806   0x80000005    0xF6B8   3
    R2#
    Term_Server>1
    [Resuming connection 1 to r1 ... ]
  
    R1#sh ip ospf neighbor
  
    Neighbor ID  Pri State   Dead Time    Address    Interface
    192.168.1.5  1  FULL/-   00:00:36    192.168.1.2  Serial1
    R1#
    Term_Server>3
    [Resuming connection 3 to r3...]
  
    R3#sh ip ospf neighbor
  
    Neighbor ID  Pri State    Dead Time    Address     Interface
    192.168.1.5  1  FULL/-    00:00:35    192.168.1.5   Serial0
  
    R3#sh ip route ospf
      172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted,2 subnets
    O   172.16.1.0[110/138]via 192.168.1.5,00:12:12,Serial0
      192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted,2 subnets
    O   192.168.1.0[110/128]via 192.168.1.5,00:12:12,Serial0
  
    R3#sh ip route 172.16.1.0
    Routing entry for 172.16.1./24
    Known via"ospf 100",distance 110,metric 138,type intra area
    Last update from 192.168.1.5 on Serial0,00:12:20 ago
    Routing Descriptor Blocks:
    * 192J68.1.5, from 192.168.1.1, 00:12:20 ago, via Serial0
     Route metric is 138, traffic share count is 1
  
    (1)在R2路由器上,使用show ip protocol命令,可以列出OSPF协议的主要配置信息。其中所路由的网络中列出的是接口地址"掩码为32位,这是和网络声明配置语句相对应的。
    命令同时列出了2个路由信息源,它们是R1和R3路由器,相应的IP地址即为R1和R3的RouterID。
    OSPF协议的缺省治理距离为110。
    (2)show ip ospf neighbor命令列出了当前路由器的邻居,其中各项的含义如下:
    NeighborID:邻居路由器的ID号;
    Pri:即Priority,邻居路由器的优先级,缺省情况下是1;
    State:邻居路由器的状态,"Full"表明形成的完全的邻接关系;
    Dead Time:为终结时间,假如在此计数器计数到0之前,没有接收到由对应的邻居路由器发来的Hello包,则邻接关系将被清除;
    Address:是邻居路由器的IP地址;
    Interface:是与邻居路由器相连的本路由器的接口。
    (3)使用show ip ospf neghbor detail命令列出了与R2路由器相邻的路由器的具体信息。
    (4)show ip ospf interface命令可以列出相应接口的OSPF信息。以R2路由器S0接口为例,列出了以下重要信息:
    OSPF进程ID为100;
    RouterID为192.168.1.5;
    OSPF网络类型为点到点;
    此链路的Cost值为64;
    Hello计时器为10秒;
    终结计时器为40秒;
    等待计时器为40秒;
    与一个邻居路由器形成邻接关系,它的ID是192.168.1.6,即R3路由器。
    (5)查看OSPF数据库的命令是show ip ospf database,此命令列出了3条链路信息,分别是由R1、R2和R3产生的。
  (6)在R1和R3路由器上查看OSPF邻居信息,可以看到它们的邻居都是R2。
    (7)使用show ip route ospf命令可以查看由OSPF协议所得到的路由项,便我们在众多路由项中找到想看的OSPF路由项。
    (8)使用带有网段参数的show ip route命令可以查看相应的网段(如实验中的172.16.1.0)的具体信息,包括由什么协议获取、度量值、路由源及更新时间等信息。